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Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, major changes have been observed in travel behavior. With the occurrence of multiple waves of this pandemic, Bangladesh as a least-developed country needs to deal with these changes, particularly changes in mode choice behavior. As Dhaka has been marked as a hotspot for the virus contagion, this paper has focused on the changes in mode choice behavior of Dhaka people while they are on the road. A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted for more than ten weeks to capture the information on mode preferences and perspectives on travel characteristics for commute and discretionary trips before and during COVID-19. After a careful, manual screening of the data, 571 responses were produced. Multinomial Logit (MNL) model based on a utility function has been used to investigate the significance of the socio-demographic attributes and travel characteristics of the trips on the mode choice behavior. The utility function contains gender, age, net monthly income (NMI), occupation, vehicle ownership, reliability, availability, and cost-effectiveness of the trip to calculate the maximum utility of the mode choice. The parameter estimates of the models identify the independent variables which are significant for mode choice behavior for this study. The MNL model of this study maintained overall prediction accuracies of 67.3% and 55% for commute trips and with an accuracy of 68.7% and 61.6% for discretionary trips before and during COVID-19 respectively. In addition, temporal comparison of trip characteristics perspective using stacked graphs show that public transports are the least reliable modes during the pandemic and NMVs are the most cost-effective modes in commute trips. Furthermore, this paper suggested some viable policy-making implications to cope with the current pandemic and relatable future national and global crises. Finally, the paper concludes by suggesting some future research insights. © 2023 Author(s).
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Global suffering from COVID-19 has necessitated augmenting the immunity systems of humans through consumption of macro-micro-nutrients and antioxidant-enriched fortified foods. In this article, fortifications of popular bakery products, viz. biscuits, cookies, have been reviewed, encompassing the novel fortifying ingredients and innovative methods employed with an emphasis on the overall enrichment in the final product quality. A few notable features concerning novel fortified biscuit and fortified cookie have been decisively summarized. Wheat flour blended with 40% sesame-cake flour resulted in a fortified biscuit possessing higher protein (16.6%), crude fat (16.95%), and dietary fiber (8.2%) with acceptable sensory characteristics. About 9% toting up of chicken-eggshell dried-powder could result in high Ca content in biscuits with customary changes in texture and sensory properties. A remarkable 5% addition of bee pollen to wheat flour appreciably improved the nutrient compositions (carbohydrate 65.18%, protein 7.32%, and total dietary-fiber 1.47%) along with high polyphenol and antioxidant potentials. Notably, mixing fish fillet protein concentrate with wheat flour could yield enhanced nutritional content (protein 14.63-19.52%, fat 16.2-16.5%), as well as augmented amino acids. Remarkably, wheat flour fortified with fermented jack bean flour resulted in an overall fortified biscuit with substantial carbohydrate, crude protein, fat, fiber, ash, and appreciable macro-micro mineral contents and sensory characteristics. Innovative fortified cookies were made by blending wheat flour or Brewer's spent grain flour with one or more ingredients, e.g. full fat soya, mushroom, cardamom powder, moringa leaves, coconut, sweet potato flour rendering amplified values of nutrients, superior physical properties, increased mineral and flavonoid contents and organoleptic qualities.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Plasmids are DNA molecules that may replicate independently of chromosomal DNA and are found in a variety of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Even though they aren't a part of the bacterial genome, their presence is critical for bacterial survival and stability in adverse settings. The capacity of broad host range (BHR) plasmids to disseminate favourable genetic features among species as well as among taxonomically distant species is of great interest. The presence of genes that code for antibiotics and antibiotic hydrolyzing enzymes, toxic heavy metal resistance, radiation resistance, xenobiotic-compound degradation, virulence determinants, and bacteriocin production can all be ascribed to the calibre of plasmids. Plasmids can also carry the genetic information for a type IV secretion system, such as the tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid in virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which is involved in gene transfer. Plasmids acquire mobile genetic elements (insertion sequences, transposons) that mobilise antimicrobial resistance genes and promote horizontal resistance determinant transfer among bacteria of various species and genera, depending on their host range, conjugative properties, and conjugation efficiency. In bacteria like Escherichia coli, Yersinia spp., and Shigella spp., plasmids encode virulence factors that are responsible for pathogenicity. The existence of virulence plasmids in pathogenic bacteria is ubiquitous, albeit the genetic composition and involvement at different stages of the disease vary by species. Virulence plasmids have a low copy number (10 per cell) but are big (>40 kb) and work similarly to episomal PAIs (Pathogenicity Islands) by undergoing internal remodelling and horizontal gene transfer. Certain virulence plasmids can also exchange virulence components with the genome or integrate with it, resulting in a genomic PAI. Viruses that cause African swine fever, such as the iridovirus, have structures that are similar to plasmids. Borrelia species cause Lyme disease and relapsing fever via their linear plasmids, which appear to encode both hemolysins, which harm blood cells, and surface proteins, which protect the bacteria from the host immune system. Restriction/anti-restriction mechanisms and partitioning systems are frequently encoded by promiscuous broad-range plasmids, ensuring sustained inheritance during bacterial cell division. These strategies encourage the persistence of plasmids while providing no advantage to the bacterial host. Purified plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccines, on the other hand, have opened up new ways to treat emerging infectious pathogens like HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), SARS coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome virus), and highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) viruses that have evolved strategies to rapidly change their genetic compositions and for which other conventional vaccines have failed. A gene encoding an antigen of the target pathogen is included in a plasmid used in DNA vaccination (immunogen gene). A promoter "turns on" protein antigen expression in the host cell, and a terminator "turns it off" (a polyadenylation signal sequence). In our ever-changing microbial environment, plasmid DNA vaccines have the potential to improve human health by preventing diseases through immunization. Apart from all of these aspects, the current review will shed light on how plasmids contribute to pathogen virulence, the fitness cost they impose on their hosts, and how their coevolution with the host resolves the plasmid paradox, as well as how temperature affects the genetic plasticity of virulence plasmids. © 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Air pollution severely compromises children's health and development, causing physical and mental implications. We have explored the use of site-specific green infrastructure (green barriers) in a school playground in Sheffield, UK, as an air-pollution-mitigation measure to improve children's environment. The study assessed air quality pre-post intervention and compared it with two control sites. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter <2.5 µm in size (PM2.5) concentration change was assessed via three methods: (1) continuous monitoring with fixed devices (de-seasonalised);(2) monthly monitoring with diffusion tubes (spatial analysis);(3) intermittent monitoring with a mobile device at children's height (spatial analysis). De-seasonalised results indicate a reduction of 13% for NO2 and of 2% for PM2.5 in the school playground after two years of plant establishment. Further reductions in NO2 levels (25%) were observed during an exceptionally low mobility period (first COVID-19 lockdown);this is contrary to PM2.5 levels, which increased. Additionally, particles captured by a green barrier plant, Hedera helix ‘Woerner', were observed and analysed using SEM/EDX techniques. Particle elemental analysis suggested natural and potential anthropogenic origins, potentially signalling vehicle traffic. Overall, green barriers are a valid complementary tool to improve school air quality, with quantifiable and significant air pollution changes even in our space-constrained site. © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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A properly balanced diet can improve the immunity system and also prevent various diseases including COVID-19 which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARC-Co2). This review mainly describes dietary guidelines or approaches to build up our immunity as well as better health and protect from corona virus. As we all know one line "Health is Wealth". So this wealth can be established or secure by optimal diet. Basic food components that are carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamin and minerals have various important functions to fight against diseases. Most of the documents encourage to consumption of fruits, green vegetables, proteins, whole grains and fluids. Vitamins such as C, E, D, A most important to boost up our immunity. Vitamin C and E also known as natural antioxidants because they protect our body from infection and vitamin C also helps to absorption of iron. Zinc selenium, amino acid and omega 3 fatty acids are necessary to fight COVID-19. Besides this good hygiene practice, proper physical practice or daily work out and proper amount of water intake can improve good health status and prevent chronic illness. Sleep is necessary to heal and rest our body especially during critical illness. Exercise helps to increase the level of white blood corpacell and antibody which helps to fight against infections. This paper discussed the role of these nutrients and specific functions related to improving COVID patients. These nutrients can protect our health from various infectious diseases as well as can decreases mortality and the morbidity rate of COVID-19 patients by improving immunity levels. Copyright © RJPT All right reserved.
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Background. Despite extensive studies of human immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, research examining protective correlates of vertical transmission following maternal exposure in pregnancy remain limited. Here, we characterized antibody and cytokine responses in maternal and cord blood following infection or vaccination at various timepoints during gestation. Methods. Spike S1 protein-specific binding antibodies and antibodies capable of blocking the interaction between the receptor binding domain (RBD) and the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were measured in maternal and cord blood by ELISA. Serum concentrations of 74 cytokines/chemokines were measured by multiplex assay. Humoral responses and cytokine levels from matched maternal and fetal cord sera were compared and examined for potential correlations. Results. We observed a highly significant correlation between Spike S1-specific antibody titer and RBD-ACE2 blocking antibody activity between maternal and fetal cord serum (p < 2.2e-16, R > 0.90). Blocking antibody activity was significantly higher for mothers infected during the 3rd trimester compared to earlier trimesters;however, vaccinated mothers developed and transferred higher antibody titers with greater RBD-ACE2 blocking antibody activity to their neonates than infected mothers. Furthermore, vaccine-induced Spike S1 IgG transfer ratios (fetal cord/maternal) were significantly higher than those induced by infection (p = 0.002). Multiplex assay showed significantly elevated levels of 33 cytokines/chemokines, mainly pro-inflammatory in infected maternal serum samples, while the paired fetal cord samples exhibited an anti-inflammatory cytokine predominance. Conclusion. Our data support selective vertical transmission of potentially protective humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2, especially following vaccination in the 3rd trimester. The anti-inflammatory cytokine predominance in cord blood that persists despite maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection may offset the adverse outcomes of inflammation in pregnancy for the neonate.
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By virtue of their lack of motility, viruses rely entirely on their own temperature (Brownian motion) to position themselves properly for cell attachment. Spiked viruses use one or more spikes (called peplomers) to attach. The coronavirus uses adjacent peplomer pairs. These peplomers, identically charged, repel one another over the surface of their convex capsids to form beautiful polyhedra. We identify the edges of these polyhedra with the most important peplomer hydrodynamic interactions. These convex capsids may or may not be spherical, and their peplomer population declines with infection time. These peplomers are short, equidimensional, and bulbous with triangular bulbs. In this short paper, we explore the interactions between nearby peplomer bulbs. By interactions, we mean the hydrodynamic interferences between the velocity profiles caused by the drag of the suspending fluid when the virus rotates. We find that these peplomer hydrodynamic interactions raise rotational diffusivity of the virus, and thus affect its ability to infect.
ABSTRACT
By virtue of their lack of motility, viruses rely entirely on their own temperature (Brownian motion) to position themselves properly for cell attachment. Spiked viruses use one or more spikes (called peplomers) to attach. The coronavirus uses adjacent peplomer pairs. These peplomers, identically charged, repel one another over the surface of their convex capsids to form beautiful polyhedra. We identify the edges of these polyhedra with the most important peplomer hydrodynamic interactions. These convex capsids may or may not be spherical, and their peplomer population declines with infection time. These peplomers are short, equidimensional, and bulbous with triangular bulbs. In this short paper, we explore the interactions between nearby peplomer bulbs. By interactions, we mean the hydrodynamic interferences between the velocity profiles caused by the drag of the suspending fluid when the virus rotates. We find that these peplomer hydrodynamic interactions raise rotational diffusivity of the virus, and thus affect its ability to infect.
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Social media activity was reported to have significantly increased during the pandemic period as most of the daily routines transformed into the digital space. This paper attempted to explore the politics of representation in digital space using Foucauldian theories of power and discipline. A qualitative exploration of the xenophobic attitudes and representation was conducted on 123 young adults to understand how health concerns associated with the pandemic influenced social representations and marginalization of certain social sections and how participants recognized and understood their contribution to this group polarization. Thematic analysis of participant opinions indicated a significant change in polarization and attitude towards out-groups following the pandemic outbreak. The existing hierarchical homogenization and polarization of the marginalized moderated by polarized political affinities were found to be translated into digital space intensifying xenophobic attitudes thereby contributing to the evolution of new digital cultures and hierarchies in digital literacy. © 2022 UNIVERSIDADE FEEVALEÂ. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Novel coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic continues to rage the world with enormous economic loss, sickness, and deaths. In management of infectious diseases, nurses play crucial roles in rendering care to patients by risking their own lives, going beyond their training and capacities. Frontline nurses are vulnerable for the development of diagnosable and subclinical psychological problems most often triggered with deaths of colleagues, exposure to the mass scale of deaths, perceived inability to save lives despite best efforts, lack of social supports, shift duties, and working in high-risk environment. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the depression, anxiety, and stress among nurses working in COVID wards versus non-COVID wards. Materials and Methods: A multicenter observational study was done among 176 frontline nurses from seven different referral government hospitals. Psychological ailments were measured on validated instruments of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-42 items (DASS-42) and Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Results: Using SPSS version 23.0, data were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test, with P < 0.055 being considered statistically significant. On PSS, perceived stress was high in 75% of COVID ward nurses and 67% of non-COVID ward ones. On DASS-42 scale, depression, anxiety, and stress levels among nurses in the COVID-19 wards were 21.64% (n = 21), 32.98% (n = 32), and 20.61% (n = 20) compared to 17.72% (n = 14), 24.05% (n = 19), and 15.18%, (n = 12) in the non-COVID wards, respectively. Conclusions: The amount of reported stress, anxiety, and depression was higher in both groups of nurses, i.e., those working in COVID-19 wards and general wards as compared to general population.
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Objectives: We aimed at the identification of the association of comorbidities with the COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. Methods: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study to investigate the variation in age, sex, dwelling, comorbidities, and medication with the COVID-19 severity and hospitalization by enrolling 1025 recovered individuals while comparing their time of recovery with or without comorbidities. Results: COVID-19 patients mostly suffered from fever. The predominant underlying medical conditions in them were hypertension (HTN) followed by diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) (54.3%) and hepatic disorders (HD) (43.6%) experienced higher severity. The risk of symptomatic cases was higher in aged (odds ratio, OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02-1.06) and comorbid (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.34-2.60) patients. T-test confirmed the differences between the comorbid and non-comorbid patients' recovery duration. The presence of multiple comorbidities increased the time of recovery (15-27 days) and hospitalization (20-40%). Increased symptomatic cases were found for patients having DM+HTN whereas CVD+Asthma patients were found with higher percentage of severity. Besides, DM+CKD (chronic kidney disease) was associated with higher hospitalization rate. Higher odds of severity were found for DM+CVD (OR = 4.42, 95% CI = 1.81-10.78) patients. Hospitalization risk was also increased for them (OR = 5.14, 95% CI = 2.02-13.07). Moreover, if they had HTN along with DM+CVD, they were found with even higher odds (OR = 6.82, 95% CI = 2.37-19.58) for hospitalization. Conclusion: Our study indicates that people who are aged, females, living in urban area and have comorbid conditions are at a higher risk for developing COVID-19 severity. Clinicians and health management authorities should prioritize these high-risk groups to reduce mortality attributed to the disease.
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Chronic inflammation and oxidative damage have been proven as fundamental factors associated with many systemic diseases, leading to increased morbidity. To deal with this, formulation of new functional foods, dietary polyphenols, and supplements containing multiple natural antioxidants and/or anti-inflammatory agents is required to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory cascade. Several studies have shown a positive association between increased intake of dietary antioxidants and reduced risk for chronic inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress. This chapter concentrates on the underlying mechanisms of how different groups of dietary antioxidants, like vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoids, carotenoids, and plant polyphenols, prevent the processes of inflammation and oxidative stress responses. Oxidative stress and inflammation mechanisms are discussed in the light of critical balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Also, roles of dietary antioxidants were discussed as an adjunctive treatment strategy to COVID-19 patients. Given the convincing evidence for protective as well as curative role of dietary antioxidants in inflammatory processes, more detailed understanding on the effects of nutrients on multiple aspects and development of novel anti-inflammatory agents is required to optimize approaches. To improve the bioavailability and targeted delivery of external antioxidants, nonreactive carriers or vehicles are needed to be designed with more precision and accuracy. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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The Novel Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), which created this pandemic, makes us realize the importance of universal social and health care systems. The frontline workers worked restlessly during the pandemic and few of them also lost their lives. There is a need for a remote IoT health monitoring system that takes care of the health of infected patients, conducts regular health checks, and reduces contact between an infected person and health workers. This especially helps the patients with mild symptoms who are home quarantined. The IoT system monitors a person 24/7 and a report can be generated and sent to the doctor at the same time. However, such a procedure will produce a large amount of data. A major research challenge addressed in this paper is to effectively transfer health care data with the help of existing network infrastructure and transfer it to the cloud. In this paper, we have identified the key network and infrastructure requirements for a standard health monitoring system based on real-time event updates, bandwidth requirements, data collection, and data analysis. After that, we propose IRHMP- IoT-based remote healthcare device that delivers health care data efficiently to the cloud and the web portal. Finally, we have proposed a machine-learning algorithm to provide and predict future health risks with the help of recorded data. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). Despite vast research about the adult population, there has been little data collected on acute kidney injury (AKI) epidemiology, associated risk factors, treatments, and mortality in pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. AKI is a severe complication of COVID-19 among children and adolescents. Therefore, understanding all aspects of the disease is crucial to further developing treatment and preventative care strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study aims to assess AKI incidence among COVID-19 pediatric patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) within North America using the Virtual Pediatric Systems (VPS) database. Additionally, this study assesses AKI associated risk factors, treatments such as kidney replacement therapy (KRT) and associated mortality rates among COVID-19 pediatric patients within North America using VPS data. This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 pediatric patients (age < 24 years) in the pediatric ICU within North America using the VPS COVID-19 database between January 1, 2020 and June 30, 2020. Currently data regarding 1240 pediatric COVID-19 patients has been analyzed. 172 of these patients had renal/urinary system involvement. Of the 172 patients with renal involvement, there were 19 confirmed deaths. This means that 45% of all confirmed pediatric COVID-19 deaths were associated with renal involvement. 36 patients received KRT and there are 2 confirmed deaths in this group. Additionally, 264 (24.67%) patients were diagnosed with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Although COVID-19 in the pediatric population tends to present more favorably, renal involvement among the pediatric COVID-19 patient population may be considered a negative prognostic factor with respect to patient outcomes.
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India is facing the problem of the digital divide. Being developing countries and with low literacy rates, digital knowledge among the public is weak. Those who know a bit about digital operations on smartphones and computers are not having complete knowledge of data security and its peculiarities. Therefore, this study aimed to find determinants of data-privacy anxiety among Indians and to understand their stress and anxiety during the use of digital applications in their daily routines, especially amid the COVID-19 scenario. The current study adopted an inductive qualitative exploratory approach to delve into the above issues. This study employed a reflexive thematic analysis method to analyse interview data of 10 participants across young-adult to middle-adult age groups of male and female gender. Participants belonged to middle socio-economic status having urban background. The study found 6 themes and 26 subordinate themes as determinants of data-privacy anxiety. Emerging themes from the data indicated at the systemic determinants of data-security anxiety, the paradox of learned helplessness and convenience preference among participants. This paper employed the Foucauldian lens of bio-power to discuss the circumscribing function of ill-structured knowledge dissemination approaches. This paper argues in favor of a critical pedagogy approach in educating people about digital security, dealing with data-privacy anxiety, and promoting safe digital usage among all generations of Indians. It also suggests measures of modifications in policies and documentation processes of major online platforms and apps to curb uncertainty and sense of insecurity among users. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
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Cardiac arrhythmias are common in patients of COVID -19 and frequently complicate the clinical course of critically ill patients. Life threatening arrhythmia including ventricular fibrillation less common but are reported to be more common in patients with elevated cardiac troponins. The mechanisms of arrhythmia in COVID 19 are multifactorial and arise from either direct cardiac involvement, from consequences systemic affection or drug interactions. The successful management requires correct identification of the cause. We report a case of VF storm in a patient with COVID 19 who responded to steroid therapy. Controlling the fulminant inflammation may reduce the burden of arrhythmia in appropriate cases.
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We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between household food insecurity (HFI) and prevalence of underweight, stunting, diarrhea and respiratory illness (RI) in school-age children in New Delhi, India. Mothers of 191 children aged 8-12 years were interviewed to collect HFI data using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. Moderate-severe HFI was identified in 43.6% of the households. The odds for diarrhea, RI and stunting were increased by 4.7, 3.3 and 2.3 times respectively in food insecure children than food secure counterparts. HFI was not associated with underweight. There is an urgent need for effective strategies to mitigate HFI.
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Cough sounds as a descriptor have been used for detecting various respiratory ailments based on its intensity, duration of intermediate phase between two cough sounds, repetitions, dryness etc. However, COVID-19 diagnosis using only cough sounds is challenging because of cough being a common symptom among many non COVID-19 health diseases and inherent data imbalance within the available datasets. As one of the approach in this direction, we explore the robustness of multi-domain representation by performing the early fusion over a wide set of temporal, spectral and tempo-spectral handcrafted features, followed by training a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. In our second approach, using a contrastive loss function we learn a latent space from Mel Filter Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) where representations belonging to samples having similar cough characteristics are closer. This helps learn representations for the highly varied COVID-negative class (healthy and symptomatic COVID-negative), by learning multiple smaller clusters. Using only the DiCOVA data, multi-domain features yields an absolute improvement of 0.74% and 1.07%, whereas our second approach shows an improvement of 2.09% and 3.98%, over the blind test and validation set, respectively, when compared with challenge baseline. Copyright © 2021 ISCA.
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In this paper, the variation of oxides, aerosols and atmospheric parameters have been investigated before, during and after the lockdown period due to COVID 19 over Kolkata, a populated metropolitan city. Major reductions have been observed for CO, SO2 and AOD especially at the beginning month of the lockdown period. The lower value of SO2 are reflected in the minima of AOD which further result in a marked reduction in the atmospheric instability. In addition, the temperature profiles depict atmospheric cooling at 700 hPa due to lockdown which is also believed to have some additional contribution on the observed CAPE reduction. © 2021 URSI.
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Background: There is a dearth of large-scale studies assessing the extent of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in pediatric COVID-19 patients. We aim to identify the epidemiology and associated risk factors of AKI in the pediatric COVID population through the Virtual Pediatric Systems (VPS) database. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on 2,597 COVID-19 pediatric patients (≤ 24 years) in the VPS COVID-19 database including both males and females with a positive status of SARS-CoV-2 infection, ICU admission, and AKI diagnosis for the AKI group using ICD-10 codes. Variables included in the analyses covered demographics, diagnosis, lab order/results, treatment modalities, length of stay, and mortality. Categorical variables were summarized as percentages while continuous variables as medians. We utilized univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression to assess the differences between the patient group with AKI and those without. Results: An AKI incidence of 10.7% (297/2597) was found within the pediatric cohort. The AKI group had a significantly higher median hospital length of stay (9.1 days vs. 5.1), PIM2 and PIM3 probability of death (1.2 vs. 0.96 and 0.99 vs. 0.78, respectively), and proportion of mortality (7.5% vs. 1.6%) in comparison to the non-AKI group. Similarly, the AKI group experienced higher rates of interventions in comparison to the non-AKI group such as vascular access (67.0% vs. 29.8%), airway/respiratory support (55.9% vs. 43.8%), renal support (5.4% vs. 0.4%), and cardio-respiratory support (2.9% vs. 0.8%). Conclusions: AKI is a severe complication of COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Our study suggests a 4.7-fold increase in mortality in the COVID-19 AKI group. Pediatric COVID-19 patients should be monitored for AKI development and necessitate analyses on manifestations of COVID-19 to improve health outcomes.